Visualizers
Drawn to scale and dimensioned. Each one draws from a calculator's live inputs and carries its own sources and sign-off.
Preload sensitivity to the nut factor
The preload a calculated tightening torque actually gives when the real nut factor differs from the one assumed, against proof load and minimum yield.
Thread geometry and the stress area
The ISO 68-1 basic profile of the selected metric thread, drawn to scale, with d, d2, d1, d3 and the pitch dimensioned, and the tensile stress area As shown as the circle of equal area.